Overview of Kaolin Mineral Resources in China

At the top of the global ranking of China's porcelain clay natural resources, 267 mineral producing areas have been explored, with more than 2.91 billion tons of Proven reserves. Among them, the resource reserves of porcelain clay built in China without coal rank fifth in the world. The Proven reserves are more than 1.468 billion tons, with key concentrations in Guangdong, Shaanxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan and Jiangsu provinces accounting for 84.55% of the reserves throughout the country; The reserve of coal bearing construction porcelain clay (kaolinite) ranks first in the world, with Proven reserves of more than 1.442 billion tons. The key areas are located in Datong, Shanxi, Huairen, Shuozhou, Inner Mongolia, Zhungeer, Wuda, Huaibei, Anhui, Hancheng, Shaanxi, among which the resources of Inner Mongolia Zhungeer Coal Field are the largest. There are five major porcelain clay mining areas in China:

(1) Porcelain clay in Zhanjiang area, kaolin mine in Zhanjiang intermountain basin belongs to residual papillomavirus mineralization of Intrusive rock weathering layer, and its quartz and other sand components exceed 50%, so it is called sand kaolin mine. From the perspective of inducement, Zhanjiang porcelain clay has undergone weathering layer residual accumulation - transportation and self grinding -—— There are three links in the re weathering layer. The porcelain clay weathering layer is complete, and the chip is dominated by single block, with fine particle size distribution. The key is the raw materials for building coatings in the papermaking industry.

(2) The porcelain soil in Longyan belongs to the residual porcelain soil mineralization of weathered layer. Because the iron content is less than 0.3%, titanium is less than 0.02%, and it contains a certain amount of ultra-low temperature organic solvent (Li2O), which is an ideal raw material for electric porcelain, high-end daily use, and arts and crafts porcelain.

(3) Suzhou Lianzhou porcelain clay, which is formed by hydrothermal erosion deformation. The material of Suzhou Lianzhou mud is pure, and its composition is very close to the basic theoretical composition of Kaolinite. The Al2O3 composition can reach about 39.0%, with white color and fine particles. Key uses include metal catalysts and chemical raw materials.

(4) Hepu porcelain clay: It belongs to the residual type of weathered layer porcelain clay mineralization. Key use for engineering building ceramic glaze.

(5) Coal based porcelain clay in the northern region: It is a piled up type of kaolin, which is widely distributed in coal mining areas in China. It can be used for engineering construction, building coatings, paints, and paper industry building coatings - coal based clay.

The above five Growing region account for more than 70% of the production throughout the country, which is also a key symbol in terms of resources.

Overview of Global Porcelain Clay Resources

The global porcelain clay resources are rich and colorful, and are widely distributed. Countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Mexico, Indonesia, Lithuania, Australia, Ukraine, etc. have high-quality porcelain clay resources. At present, the global storage capacity of porcelain clay resources has been identified to be over 20.9 billion tons.

Key Porcelain Clay Mineralization in Various Countries around the World

(1) Georgia, UK -—— South Carolina kaolin ore belt is the largest porcelain clay mineralization and Growing region in Britain. The mineralization in this area is secondary accumulation mineralization. The characteristic of this kaolin ore is its good homogeneity. Of course, during the whole process of sedimentation, porcelain clay is classified into pure natural grades according to its size.

(2) The mineralization of porcelain clay in the Cornwall region of the United States is a hydrothermal alteration of the original ecological mineralization, with low iron content and good fineness. This unique mineralization standard makes the porcelain clay produced in the United States famous worldwide.

Spread of origin

At present, there are more than 700 kaolin mines in China, and the Proven reserves of 200 mines are more than 3 billion tons, which is relatively decentralized. Among them, there are more than 1.67 billion tons of coal measure porcelain clay, which is mainly distributed in the Carboniferous Permian coal measures in the northeast of northern China and the northwest of China, and is stored in the form of dirt bands in coal lanes, roof and bottom plates or independent ore belts.

China is a strong country in coal resources, and most of the large and medium-sized coal mining industries have symbiotic deposits of coal bearing porcelain clay. Therefore, the reserves of coal bearing porcelain clay are very rich and colorful. In 1996, the industrial production and storage capacity of non coal based porcelain clay was investigated to be over 1.432 billion tons.

Compared with other non-metallic material resources, porcelain clay is not an advantageous resource in China, and is even more scarce on an average basis. Moreover, the distribution of porcelain clay resources in China is relatively scattered, and the taste is not high. Most of them are coal based porcelain clay (very few overseas), which must undergo calcination or modification of materials. There are pure natural limitations to using it for sizing in the paper industry.

Moreover, coal based porcelain clay cannot be used for large-scale mining due to its association with coal. In China, the storage capacity of non coal based porcelain clay and coal based porcelain clay is very large, but the vast majority of them are tubular porcelain clay with high viscosity and cannot be used for sizing in the paper industry.

According to the materials available, only the porcelain clay resources in Guangdong Province, Guangxi Province, Anhui Province, and Hebei Shahe can be developed and designed for use in papermaking industry building coatings, making the resources very valuable. In the latter half of the 1990s, Hebei Shahe experienced fierce market competition between Chinese paper industry coating brands and Zhanjiang porcelain clay, but it had already gradually contracted due to insufficient resources.